Linking Instruction to Constructivism/Constructionism

The constructionist learning theory is based on constructing or developing something that helps students become active in their own learning. Dr. Michael Orey suggests that it is a theory based on people learning best when they build artifacts they can share with others (Laureate Education, Inc. 2009). How does this link to or perhaps change our instructional strategies? We need to offer our students tools to use in this building process. These tools can range from application software such as Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, and Publisher to Web sites or Internet searches. It can also include content specific software or simulations.

Any tools students can use to construct and be engaged in their learning would connect with constructivism/constructionism. The focus is to make learning more hands-on and tailored to each learner. Orey (2001) offers: "Instruction is only effective when the learners can relate personally and take something away from it" (p. 2). The constructivist theory was initially developed by Jean Piaget and addresses that each learner's understanding is unique and based on their experiences. His building blocks of learning include: assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, and schema (Laureate Education, Inc. 2009).

Constructivism/Constructionism's framework is that learning takes place in a more learner-centered environment as opposed to a teacher-centered environment. In our resources, there were many examples of how our students can become committed and enthusiastic about their learning through the process of exploring, designing, and solving real-world problems. One example was in the use of simulations to replicate real-life situations. Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, & Malenoski (2007) add: "Simulation software also can provide incredibly engaging learning environments, resulting in increased motivation and retention in learning" (p. 213). An instructor's role would be to make sure all students understand both the expectations and also the various methods to be utilized when constructing their artifacts. Teachers need to become managers of the projects their students are developing.

Instructional strategies for constructivist/constructionist-based activities rely on students taking ownership and becoming accountable and responsible for their knowledge while teachers are the guides in this process and offer direction. Orey (2001) adds: "In effect, this cognitive mentorship helps students organize the direction of their learning as well as understand how their strategies connect to the broader goal of solving the overall problem" (p. 6). Project-based, problem-based, and inquiry-based activities are instructional strategies that all utilize the concept of our students using tools to create and build their own base of knowledge.

Here is a link to read more about Jean Piaget and his learning theories: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/piaget.html

References

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009). Program seven. Constructionist and Constructivist Learning Theories [Motion picture]. Bridging learning theory, instruction, and technology. Baltimore: Author.

Orey, M.(Ed.). (2001). Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/

Pitler, H., Hubbell, E., Kuhn, M., & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using technology with classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.